Computer-based Feet Examination – estimated parameters

Onto the feet picture we write in measuring points which are used for further calculations of plantokonturogram and results. A, B – determine the long axis of foot C, D – width of forefoot S, T – width of heel E - point of contact with hallux F – point of contact with toe Q, q – inner tangent for Clarke angle W – center of arching for Sztriter-Godunow indicator 1-5 heads of toe bones

	20. 21. Foot length estimated between points A and B (DL) 22. 23. Foot width estimated between points C and D (SZ) 24. Foot length/foot width relation (Wejsflog indicator) The relation of foot length to its width should amount to 3:1. As a rule it takes on values between 2 and 3. The values closer to „2”, e.g. 2.15 give evidence of transversal platypodia, whereas closer to „3”, e.g. 2.95 prove correct transversal arching.
	25. 26. Hallux valgity angle ALFA It is an angle between a tangent drawn to medial foot edge and a tangent drawn from the point at the widest place of forefoot to the outer edge of hallux. The standard value for hallux valgity angle amounts from 0 to 9 degrees (Wejsflog 1956) 27. 28. Toe varus deformity angle BETA It is determined similarly to angle ALFA, but on the outer side of foot.
	29. Heel angle GAMMA It is marked by two tangents drawn to the inner and outer foot edge. The tangents cross beyond the heel and form an angle. The standard for heel angle amounts to 15-18 degrees (Wejsflog 1956). 34. 35. Heel width estimated between points S-T
	32. 33. Valgity angle of hallux (AL) and toe varus deformity angle are estimated according to second definition 36. 37. Foot surface adhering to the ground (PS) 38. 39. Weighted surfaces (PSW) – every point also includes the pressure falling on it (colour saturation)
	31. Clarke angle indicator (CL) There are a lot of methods used for evaluation of prints by drawing a number of auxiliary lines. The most popular and simplest is Clarke method. It consists in drawing a straight line (C-S). This line crosses the inner tangent (Q-q) and forms the Clarke angle. The value of this angle looks like as follows: flat foot x - 30°, foot with diminished arching 31°- 41°, normal foot 42°-54°, foot with increased arching 55°- x.
	30. Sztriter-Godunow indicator (KY) It determines the length relation of a segment which runs at the center of arching of the longitudinal arch (through a shadowed part of the trace) to the length of a segment which is drawn through the shadowed and not shadowed part of plantokonturogram. KY = (W – i) / ( j – i) (W – i) - shadowed part; (j – j) - shadowed and not shadowed part. Foot classification according to KY-indicator in adults: hollow foot 0,00 – 0,25, normal foot 0,26 – 0,45, lowered foot I° 0,46 – 0,49, lowered foot II° 0,50 – 0,75, flat foot 0,76 – 1,00. KY-indicator refers also to age of the examined person: 8 years of age 0,44 – 0,54, 9 years of age 0,41 – 0,53, 10 years of age 0,40 – 0,53, 11 years of age 0,39 – 0,54. The program delimits this indicator by drawing a segment perpendicular to tangent CS through point W (standing for center of arching). Points „i”, „j” are found automatically.
	Patterns Comparing plantokonturogram with standard foot types according to Bochenek, Bunak, Clarke, Wejsflog. 1– 3 – hollow foot, 4– 6 – correct foot, 7–10 – different forms of platypodia.
	Modified bio-stereometric method of feet evaluation. (Dr. Ewa Demczuk –Włodarczyk Institute of Kinesitherapy, Academy of Physical Education Wrocław) Prior to foot examination on the planar side we mark the location of five heads of metatarsus bones. The examinee sits on a chair with adjustable seat which makes possible to adapt the seat height to the person’s height so that the feet are placed at right angle to the shin, and the shin at right angle to the thigh. The feet are leaned against the device which records the plantar side of the feet at relief. Next, the examinee stands in relaxing position on the device which records the plantar side of feet with load. During evaluation we take into account the course of osseous arches (lines drawn between point B and heads of toe bones 1...5). On the basis of anatomical and biomechanical data the configuration of plantar foot side has been divided into 4 types: - hollow foot. The characteristic feature of this foot type is that both with load and at relief the longitudinal arch is raised above ground. - correct foot. The arch V adheres to the ground (it is possibly only slightly raised when relieved), and the medial arches run higher (a load causes only their lowering). - functional flat foot. At relief both arch IV, and longitudinal arch V adhere to the ground and the arch III runs relatively low. With load the arches V, IV, III adhere to the ground, and the arch II runs over them relatively low, - structural flat foot. Under load conditions the arches V-II, and even I adhere to the ground.